It has further been argued that individual differences remain stable across an extended period of time 3, that change detection represents a stable trait 4, 5, and that change-detection performance correlates well with measures of intelligence 6. The task has been a preferred means to assess working memory capacity because it is assumed that strategies such as rehearsal only minimally affect performance 1. By varying the number of stimuli, memory capacity can be assessed. After a brief presentation of these stimuli, followed by a pause, the task requires to determine whether a probe is identical to the initial set or not. It presents participants with an initial set of stimuli such as colored squares 1 or blocks oriented at different angles 2. A popular laboratory paradigm to assess change-detection performance focuses on the capacity of visual short-term memory.
Since the change-detection paradigm is commonly used to assess working memory capacity, future research needs to investigate how much of its variance is explained by memory performance and how much is explained by perceptual processes.ĭetecting visual change in the environment is very important and in its most dramatic case even makes a difference over life and death, for example by detecting threats in the form of predators or oncoming traffic. The data from the conjunction search task further suggest a causal link between training and improvements of perceptual as opposed to attentional processes. Our results suggest a general improvement in perceptual skills that was primarily driven by a conjunction search task and to a much lesser extent by a complex visual search task and a contrast sensitivity task. Participants’ visual processing skills were assessed before and after the intervention, focusing on visual search, contrast sensitivity, and contour integration. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to train on a change-detection task or on a control task for seven sessions. Motivated by the demanding visual processing requirements of change-detection training, we extended this work by focusing on whether training on a change-detection task would improve visual processing skills. When combined with a consistent use of value, the illusion of form in a drawing or painting is easily achieved.Previous cognitive training research with the change-detection paradigm found only sparse effects that went beyond improvements in the training task but stressed an increase in fidelity of internal memory representations. The strokes that are made with a pencil or a brush should flow in harmony with the cross contours of the subject and in turn, communicate more about the form of the object. This is true for any drawing or painting medium. Just like if you were to run your finger over the form, these strokes will change direction in the same manner. The brush strokes or marks made with a drawing medium are more effective in communicating the form of the subject if they flow with the cross contour lines. While cross contour lines can flow in generally any direction, in most circumstances, you'll want to consider lines that flow vertically or horizontally around the form.
This concept is important in communicating form in your drawings and paintings and can help you make smart decisions regarding the direction of your stroke - whether it be with a pencil, pen, or brush. There is practical reason for understanding cross contour lines.
How Cross Contour Lines Can Improve Your Drawing and Painting
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